A review on sustainable recycling technologies for lithium-ion batteries

Due to increasing environmental awareness, tightening regulations and the need meet climate obligations under Paris Agreement, production use of electric vehicles has grown greatly. This growth two significant impacts on environment, with increased depletion natural resources used for lithium-ion batteries these disposal end-of-life batteries. In particular, when are incorrectly landfilled, pollution groundwater soil occurs. Therefore, sustainable recycling technologies must be implemented construct a cyclic economy battery market help alleviate severity consequences. The majority current methods involve energy-intensive pyrometallurgy, whereas hydrometallurgy techniques pose viable alternative promising advances at lab scale that can adapt evolution new mixed cathode chemistries. As reviewed in this work, combination pre-treatment hydrometallurgical processes was identified as potential mechanism could criterion, which focuses recovered economic value cumulative benefits. Furthermore, automation process mechanisms electrolyte recovery were opportunities future works. Here, we evaluate